The Reasons for the Civil War in China Between the KMT and CCP Essay

The Reasons for the Civil War in China mingled with the KMT and CCP (1945-49) and why the CCP Won - Essay ExampleAlthough the Communists got permission to be part of the KMT in small numbers, Chiang started a purge of communists since he abhorred the Soviet interfering in Chinese political affairs. This eventually led to the Chinese civil war (Eastman 11). Following the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, which was the final ruling Chinese dynasty, China dismiss into the control of a number of significant, as well up as lesser warlords within the era of the Warlords. consequently in order to trounce these warlords, who succeeded in seizing control of the greater part of Northern China, it was required for the anti-monarchist, together with the national unificationist Kuomintang party, along with Sun Yat-sen, who was its leader, to seek the attention of foreign powers. The efforts of Sun Yat-sen in obtaining assistance from the Western democracies bore no fruits these led to h im seeking help from the Soviet Union in 1921. In favour of political convenience, the Soviet leadership instigated a dual policy for supporting for both Sun, as well as the newly founded Communist Party of China that subsequently instituted the Peoples Republic of China. This resulted in the vie for power within China between the KMT, along with the CPC (Eastman 25). ... in the reorganization, in addition to the consolidation of, the KMT alongside the Communist Party of Soviet Union, leading to the CPC marriage the KMT, thereby developing into the First United Front. This is the selfsame(prenominal) year that saw Sun Yat-sen sending Chiang Kai-shek, who happened to be one of his lieutenants to Moscow for some months military, as well as political study. By 1924, Chiang got promoted to head Whampoa Military Academy, then later rising to fame as Suns successor, thereby heading the KMT. The Soviets offered the majority of the studying items, organization, in addition to the equipm ent comprising, of munitions for the academy. Apart from that, the Soviets also offered education in respective(a) methods for mass mobilization. This assisted Sun Yat-sen in raising a number of devoted troops, with the intention of defeating the warlords militarily. On the other hand, CPC members also got the opportunity of joining the academy with the majority of them becoming instructors. However, the communist members got the opportunity of uniting the KMT on the basis of an individual. At that time, the CPC was still exceedingly small, having and 300 members in 1922, and in 19925, only 1,500 members while the KMT had 50,000 members in 1923 (Eastman 54). The split of KMT and CPC In the beginning of 1927, there was rivalry between KMT and CPC leading to a split within the revolutionary positions. The CPC, along with left wing of KMTmade a decision of moving the KMT politicss seat to Wuhan from Guangzhou, where the influence of communist was strong. However, Chiang, together wi th Li Zongren, whose armies conquered warlord Sun Chuanfang, progressed eastward towards Jiangxi. As a result of the leftists rebuffing Chiangs demand, Chiang condemned the leftists for going against

Auto Business in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Auto Business in Canada - analyze ExampleThere are concerns about the pace of progress towards increase regulatory cooperation across northwesterly America, the implications of a possible Canada-Korea free raft agreement, the proposal by the federal government to regulate sack consumption, and the approach to consumer incentives and levies announced in the last federal budget. There is concern about the plans of several provinces to clear their own regulations on fuel emissions. There is concern about the accelerated Capital Cost margin announced in the recent federal budget and the Ontario governments commitment to support environmental R&D as examples of government actions in support of certain strategies to attract investment and ensure the Canadian gondola sector remains strong and internation bothy competitive. (Canadian Automotive Partnership Council Discusses Competitiveness Issues, 2007)There is increased cooperation across governments and closer cooperation with the U S in addressing the key issues raised with regard to auto industry. The governments should ensure a competitive tax regime and business environment, a greater degree of harmonization with the US in setting safety and environmental regulations, as well as a fair international trade regime. The assessment of the required level of assistance will take into consideration the total assistance from all levels of government (e.g., federal, provincial and municipal assistance). This includes assistance such as all Grants and Contributions being considered, implicit subsidies, forgivable loans, investment tax credits and any other grant or contribution. All recipients of financial assistance will be required to disclose any other government financial assistance acquire or requested for this prior to the approval of the contributions. Budget2007 demonstrates the governments commitment to addressing automotive sector interests, in providing generous metropolis cost allowances, significant investments in gateway and transportation infrastructure and measures to foster innovation and green technologies. done the auto strategy, the government has leveraged more than $7billion in new investments that will create thousands of jobs and help position Ontarios auto industry for long-term competitiveness. Focus is given on how to build on this success while portion the industry meet the near-term challenges of a major global restructuring and the need for improved

Workplace Diversity and Nondiscrimination Essay

Workplace Diversity and Nondiscrimination - stress Examplehe uphill task of supervising the offenders, managing the staff, overseeing administration and promoting community relations in and surface of the office. The following paper describes the role played by a malefactor justice administrator to cover issues of sexual harassment, drug testing, privacy, employment and disability affecting employees.As stated by Cyndi (2008) Although, it is expected that an employee abides by the company laws, it is also the duty of the employer to create a conducive environment, for an employee to work. To properly ensure this rapport, the vile justice administrator was introduced. For example, scenarios of sexual harassment have been reported in offices and working places. When much(prenominal) claims be reported the criminal justice administrator has the responsibility of taking up legal actions against the offenders. This could be through by reporting the incident to the local authorities and pushing for legal actions to be taken against the offender. The criminal administrator should also see to it that the victim is adequately and properly compensated (Brian, 2009).Cyndi (2008) explains that many private and reality employers attempt to test prospective employees (and employees already on staff) for drug and alcohol use. However, some of these tests are iniquitous and should not be allowed in the office presentation. Urine and blood testing for drugs has been a normal mathematical function for an employer to use when selecting their employees. But legal acts prohibit employers from testing employees samples without their knowledge or consent (Craig, 2005). When such cases where the employer goes against the legal rights of the employee, the criminal justice administrator should step in and provide legal advice to the victim on the steps to take. Further, the criminal administrator should also report the incident to the authorities and ensure proper compensation. In addition, the employer should respect the privacy and confidentiality of his

Nurse Staffing Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nurse Staffing Issues - Research Paper theoretical accountIt has been reported that due to pull down level of wages, very less people work as NAs, specially in aras where economic conditions are worse. In these areas NAs are paid less than what they can receive as welfare and hitherto health insurance coverage provided to them is less than the amount of medic aid. Due to lower level of wages offered in the field of nursing, NAs work permanently in other jobs and some even have jobs as permanent NAs. Low compensation and heavy work load which drains NAs both emotionally and physically have contributed to the high turnover rate experienced by the field of nursing. In veritable health bearing facilities, the organizations experience a continuous process of training, hiring new nurses and recruiting new peerlesss as in these organizations, nurse turnover rate is very high. Although NAs have to serve and provide aid to acute patients and they are paid less, they still try to prov ide the best help. Various reasons have led to the retention of NAs although they are not paid well and their job is demands high amount of emotional as well as physical contribution. One reason that contributes to this retention is the NAs personal commitment towards those who require help. Various health care facilities in nursing facilities have made efforts to retain their nurses. Efforts made by them include assigning one NA to one patient on full time basis, acknowledging the efforts incorporated by NAs and assigning leaders positions and responsibilities especially to NAs who have reached senior level.

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Memo - Essay ExampleYou expressed interest in using our expertise to provide the information. I have come up with a few ideas for viable solutions that make utilisation of our extensive intranet. The ideas include overviews of our security information for clients who access their account information as well. We want them to hunch over that we value their information and work hard to keep it safe.The first idea is to provide links at heart our intranet, which divide specific information security issues into different categories, such as password protection, encryption, security questions and other. all(prenominal) link provides specific information regarding the specified security topic. Each topic is designed to appear on the user screen in a haul ups page using a light colored minimise that is different from the main user screen. This frame, as a smaller portion of the main screen, will hold forth the selected security issue using a common font, in a dark, yet easy to conte mplate color. For instance, our intranet main screen is a light blue background with navy blue, aerial font. The new frame selected from the screen might use a tan background with dark brown aerial or other easy to read font.My second idea is to provide an audio/ pic link, which, when selected, provides written and theatrical role explanation simultaneously. News agencies use such methods to present stories online. Many retailers and corporations use video demos or video clips to describe products and processes. The multimedia method serves to keep viewers attention, while reinforcing the written explanation. Video layabout easily be adapted for use in conjunction with a power point trend written presentation. As many of our newest employees are very multimedia savvy, I believe this method to be the most effective. We could even provide employees with a choice of the frames pages or audio/video presentation.I desire you see my suggestions

Managment in Assisted Living Facility Research Paper

Managment in Assisted Living Facility - Research Paper Example11).. TRANSITION carve up Park University is conducting this research work related to management that includes such topics that help the organizations to improve their productivity in better way. BODY This research paper is related to management that covers lot of topics such as (a) renewal management, (b) ethical, social and legal responsibilities, (c) international business, (XXXXX & YYYY, 2009, p. 18). Diversity Management Now a days Diversity management is become an important issue for managers. Usually human resource managers initiate it and discussion section heads and supervisors try to manage it. The idea of smorgasbord management style is to encourage employees to feel free and comfortable their work places and develop an appreciation in particular areas such as race, gender, background, sexual orientation or any other factors that may non be officed by everyone working in the homogeneous area of the compa ny. It can be adopted in different organizational environments and can be unified with different management styles. For example if you are promoting recognition and acceptance of diversity among employees then hostile employment environment can be converted into welcoming environment where people feel free to communicate, share and support to each other in any task associated with job. This thing definitely helps in increase the productivity level in an organization. Now the question is what the benefit of diversity management program is. unitary of the main advantages of diversity management is that it helps to encourage the development of skills and talent among employees. Employees begin to feel valued and be ready to leave their comfort zones and enhance their skills for the benefit of departmental team and company as a whole. Basically what diversity do, it acknowledges and uses these inherent differences and move towards creativity and innovation for the better performances and competitive challenges. Diversity not only focuses on how people perceive themselves but also how they perceive people. This thing effects their interaction. prospering organizations recognize the need for immediate action and are ready and willing to spend resources on managing diversity in the workplace now. There are some benefits of workplace diversity are 1- Increased adaptability 2- Broader gain range 3- Variety of viewpoints 4- More effective execution Some challenges are also mentioned here correspond to Josh Greenberg that are 1-Communication 2-Resistance to change 3-Implementation of diversity in the workplace policies 4-Successful Management of Diversity in the workplace 5-Assessment of diversity in the workplace (By Josh Greenberg is President of Alpha Measure, Inc. located in Boulder, Colorado. Article stem http//EzineArticles.com/11053) Here i can quote the example of Graham School of General Studies at the University of clams who designed a program for impl ementing

Cb5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cb5 - Assignment ExampleTherefore the behavior of the consumer is determined by the motive he or she gets.need for self-actualization. The most basic and fundamental four levels of the pyramid comprise of wish needs as termed by Maslow, they include security, friendship and love, esteem, and physiological needs. If these needs are not met with the license of the essential physiological need, there might be no physical sign, but the person lead feel tense and anxious. This theory proposes that the most essential needs should be met before the person potently desires the higher level or secondary needs (Patrick, 2003).Consumer involvement is the degree of data processing or level of significance that a customer accords to a ware. The level of involvement has a very strategic impact on the behavior of the consumer. High involvement purchasing decisions are always the dream of a marketer as in this level consumers as the purchasing decisions are informed and planned. This is beca use the buyer purchases the product since it is important to them, therefore he or she concentrates on the features and warranties, and the price is not an issue. However, low involvement buying decisions are those that are formulated without planning, and they come about if one spots a product and they ingrain them. To increase customer involvement, marketers should select the correct customers, select pilots that fit into the present culture and should be aware of what consumers look for in their products (Michaelidou & Dibb, 2008).The self-image comprises of three dissimilar dimensions, that is the real self, the ideal self, and the self-esteem. The self-esteem refers to the positivity to an individuals self-concept. Marketing communications may influence the self-esteem of an individual. Low self-esteem is when a person thinks they cannot do a task while high self-esteem is the opposite and individuals may tend to think much of themselves. The

China as a single party state Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

china as a single ships company state - Assignment ExampleHowever, just like with some(prenominal) other single party states, the party has been under some sharp criticisms over dictatorship resulting in industrial strife among civil servants and opposition from activists AS WITNESSED IN THE STREETS OF HONG KONG WHEN MARAUDING YOUTHS TOOK TO THE STREETS PROTESTING WHAT THEY TERMED OPRESSIVE LEADERSHIP (Bruce 19). chinaware has had some(prenominal) political lapses that have resulted in weaker policies therefore higher levels of environmental degradation, unemployment and popular dissatisfaction with the local government among others. The party has a pyramid structure of governance with the base of the pyramid having more people only arguably lesser authority. Through such a structure, the party incorporates everyone into a single party affair with REPRESENTATION ACHIEVED THROUGH PERIODIC ELECTIO OF PARTY DELEGATES (Peter 16). At the base are citizens, every Chinese is a membe r of the political party since it is the sole government in the soil. The citizens elect their representatives also referred to as delegates. These know from all the provinces of the country and are directly involved in the trading operations of the party thus the operations of the country as the central government From the delegates, a chassis of commissions arise and from the commissions a secretariat is formed. This way, a self-sustaining pyramid arises since every progressive stage narrows down the number of people in it but increases in authority and command. At the apex of the pyramid sits the secretary general of the party. He serves as the lecture piece of the party and communicates the important decisions made by the secretariat. In multiparty societies such as the United States of America, this count on serves as the presidency with all the executive powers and privileges. As a society changes, so should its leaders. China has stuck to the darkened soma of leaders through its imperial presidency that has always been predetermined even before elections. In a way, the ridicule to democracy expressed by the Chinese leaders has contributed to the problems the country faces today. In a single party state, the problems and infightings in the political party automatically become problems of governance. This has been the case in China resulting to indiscriminate treatment of a particular group of people specifically targeted for their express portrayal of their opposition. mediocre as the name hints, the Chinese Communist Party ascribes to the policies of communism. This political ideology advocates for a collective takings and communal sharing of the natural resources. John (36) asserts that BUREUCRACY OF THE COUNTRY STRIFLES INNITIATIVES AND PROMOTES MEDIOCRITY. Communism is viewed as irrelevant in the modern society where private life and private property is a reality. This makes some of the ideologies of the party inapplicable today and has co ntributed to the high rate of corruption of some of the Chinese elite. Because of the doctrines of communism, China faced a number of sanctions especially from the western countries such as Britain and some of her neighbors such as Japan. Some of these sanctions sill affect the countrys economy. The close relationship between the political party and the government in single party state results in effective decision making, the operations of a country rely heavily on the constitution. A single party society lacks a number of watch dogs to the constitution, which results in the ruling class mutilating the document to suit their personal interest. Minxin (16) explains that A CHINESE BORN AFTER 1980 HAVE LOWER LEVELS OF bank ON THE GOVERNMNT, A RESULT OF WEAK COMMUNICATION

5.2. American Revolution - Southern Campaign Essay

5.2. American Revolution - grey Campaign - Essay ExampleThey were motivated by a number of factors. First, they were pessimistic about the universe of discourse of a better future as portrayed by the patriots. Then, they were well established and did not opinion much weight due to the existing tax schemes. In addition, they were afraid of violence that would result from much(prenominal) a rebellion against the king.1Most loyalists resided in the southern and middle colonies. They included the tenant farmers in rising York, Carolina and New Jersey. In view of this, the British decided to move to the South so that they could tap reenforcement from these loyalists. They established their Military base of operations in New York and Long Island. These areas had large concentrations of loyalists, most who were refugees from contrasting states. The loyalists in this region offered them the support they needed. With the support of local anaesthetic governors, loyalists were recruited and helped to fight against the Patriots.2However, the patriots recruited more member and were able to dislodge all the royal officials. The loyalists in the South were suppressed by local patriots who were leaders in the local government.3 With a greater number, the patriots were able to drive away the British out of Boston and surrounding. Eventually, the Patriots won later on matching out the British army in the battle of Monmouth. This led to the formation of the modern united States of

Hematocellular carcinoma-Liver cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hematocellular carcinoma-Liver cancer - try ExampleThe cells of the liver, hepatocytes, compose about 80% of the liver. The other 20% of the liver is occupied by g altogether ducts, cells which specialize in storing fat and blood vessels. It is the hepatocytes which can become cancerous and thus give parachute to the type of liver cancer that this discussion is based on. In patients who are diagnosed with liver cancer, virtually all of them will die within the first year following their diagnosis. Globally, hepatic cellular carcinoma is the fifth near common form of cancer but one of the deadliest forms. The occurrence of liver cancer tends to be almost prominent in parts of Africa and Asia. In fact, about 75% of those with hepatic cellular carcinoma, originate from those areas of the introduction while only 25% of patients diagnosed with hepatic cellular carcinoma will reside in Europe or North America. One of the leading causes of liver cancer originating from the hepatocyt es, is hepatitis B or C. Hepatitis B and C. is an infection of the liver which is normally transmitted through sexual contact or exchange of blood.The epidemiology of liver cancer is as follows In the U.S. the highest frequency of liver cancer occurs in immigrants from Asian countries, where liver cancer is common. The frequency of liver cancer among Caucasians is the lowest, whereas among African-Americans and Hispanics, it is intermediate. The frequency of liver cancer is high among Asians because liver cancer is closely linked to chronic hepatitis B infection(Medicine.net, 2008). In these areas of higher occurrences of liver cancer, men are much more apparent to be diagnosed with the disease than women and those who have been infected with Hepatitis B are also much more belike to present with hepatic cellular carcinoma. As we know, one of the main causes of cancer is viral infection. Hepatitis B. is caused by the HBV virus and HCV is caused by the hepatitis C. virus. These

Berry Aneurysms Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Berry Aneurysms - Case Study characterAn aneurysm usually balloons and may rupture as the forces increase, which would lead to rupturing of the arterial wall and interior bleeding, a situation that is usually fatal and leads to death.Consequently, cull aneurysms results from rupture of arterial walls in the read/write head with fatal consequences that may cause brain death. The condition is usually caused by defects in the tunica media muscles and lack of enough bread and butter from the brain parenchyma, which creates unprecedented stress to the arterial walls causing rupture (Liebeskind, 2013). Therefore, cerebral aneurysm occur incases were the forte of the internal elastic membrane of the adventitia and the tunica media are compromised mainly resulting from abnormal arterial social organization at arterial bifurcations, which results in rupture of the vessels at these sections due to blood pressure (Liebeskind, 2013).Causes of Berry Aneurysms non-homogeneous conditions may lead to berry aneurysms, which intromit the following Arterial mal systems, aorta coarctation, inherited polycystic kidney diseases and other vascular problems. Others include sickle cell anemia, fungal infections, Marfan syndrome, hypertension among others (Liebeskind, 2013). However, not much is known about the actual causes of the aneurysms and the ecesis processes leading to ballooning and rupture, but smoking that leads to vascular changes and hypertension are major some of the major predisposing factors (Jonathan et al., 2006). The main characteristic of aneurysms is reduction in the tunica media leading to arterial structural defects.... the reduced membranes causes formation of balloon like structures at the branching parts of the arteries mainly at the lower part of the brain (Jonathan et al., 2006). Epidemiology Most berry aneurysms are small in that 60% to 80% of all cases may not rupture, meaning they pose much less danger to the patient (Connolly & Solomon, 2004). I t is estimated that between 10 and 12 gazillion adults in America throw away intracranial aneurysms, with berry aneurysms accounting for about 90% of all these cases (Liebeskind, 2013). Those everywhere fifty years of age, females and cigarettes smokers are at a higher risk of the aneurysms (Vega et al., 2002). Consequently, as Vega et al noted, berry aneurysm are responsible for the highest cases of mortality and morbidity affecting about 90% of all intracranial aneurysms. However, to a greater extent cases are being bailiwicked in younger patients and especially in cocaine, users or those with little arterial diameters (Nanda et al, 2000) Presentation Most aneurysms do not have any symptoms and they may not be reported until they rupture hemorrhage through a fatal medical emergency remains the wiz most prevalent clinical presentation in most cases, accounting for about 58% of patients (Yamaura, Onno & Hirai, 2000). However, patients report acute headaches at the onset, which in some cases may in addition be associated with brief sessions of unconsciousness, vomiting, meningismus and nausea. These hemorrhages are also misdiagnosed as most patients have milder symptoms that indicate a warning leak before the aneurysm ruptures (Vega et al., 2002). Studies have reported rupture rates of between 1.4 to 1.9 %, though the rates are higher in aneurysms of more than 10mmm diameter. However, rupture has also been reported in cases where the aneurysms are less than 5 mm in

Real or imaginary child with disabilities into a general education Essay

Real or notional child with disabilities into a general education class - Essay ExampleThe most suitable forge to accustom is a Response to Intervention (RTI) model. This an academic intervention method used to help children with ask such as difficulty learning or learning disabilities. It is an early intervention, which prevents failure in academics by measuring progress of such a child frequently, and inducing interventions that are research based to instruct and aide children with such difficulties. Some children do not respond to such interventions, and their problem is deep root in that the children could have dis aptitude stemming from the biological make-up (Vaughn, 2010). Unlike the discrepancy model that is common for the expression children with ability, this model testament be an alternative to point-blank who is in need of supplementary education. Personnel The forcefulness who leave behind handle the process provide be 3 normal classroom indoctrinateers, who impart teach mathematics, a language subject, and a science subject respectively. The teachers who will handle discourteous will be individuals who are highly qualified and trained adequately to implement this model. They will be individuals who determine Frank better and will be able to connect with him in order to get the required results. The selected teachers will compile a comprehensive report within a period of five weeks and will use the report to provide the child with the supplementary three-tier program. This is as recommended by Phaneuf (2008). Accommodations and modifications Accommodations and modifications will focus on changing the teaching techniques, and assessment on Franks progress. The accommodations the teachers will consider into the curriculum include person-to-person quizzes, group discussion with the other children, large print materials to enable Frank see and comprehend well, grim charts, extended or shortened assignments and assessments. They will also use pictures, animation, colors, and sounds to help Frank grasp and understand the content quickly. Some of the modifications that the teachers will consider include, changing the grading scale particularly if Frank fails to contend with the rest and introduction of special education and special education teacher in tier three if Frank utterly fails to improve. Strategies School screening Assessment This is the first strategy that will help place Franks strengths and weaknesses. Screenings will last for a period of five weeks (Phaneuf 2008 54).The first thing the teachers will carry out is to assess whether he requires such interventions. This will take place in a normal classroom where he will get academic surveillance. This will enable evaluation of the Franks performance based on the basic subjects in the curriculum such as mathematics, sciences, and languages. His ability to perform tasks such as reading and comprehending, solving mathematical sums and carrying out practi cal tasks will bear with evaluation and the report will contribute significantly towards identifying his strengths and weaknesses. The teaching will follow the curriculum of the classroom. It will be research based, one tested in the field and proved effective and containing all the basics of teaching a normal child with able faculties. This screening will establish a peculiar(prenominal) criterion, which will rank the Franks performance in various categories. The percentile score will show whether his performance is poor, average, above average or excellent. Comparison of the

Speculating about causes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Speculating close to causes - Essay ExampleEmployees may get retrenched for example when a firm no longer ask the services of the employees or if the company itself shuts down its operations. It is usually not easy to find to find an enamour job immediately after being laid off.A company would not desire to award somebody recently laid off for bad reasons such as failure to do a good job, absence from doing, theft or drunkenness in work. It makes someone sacked to find selection employment immediately. In some cases, the economy of a country might be undergoing turmoil fashioning job hunting difficult. Other individuals are unable to get employed because they lack the required level of qualification and experience for a particular job. Some organizations will not hire someone without acquire a good reference and remark concerning the prospective employee. Employers all the conviction appoint the best-qualified individuals for its vacant positions available. many a(prenomin al) individuals are in no position to come across jobs because they are disabled or deplete health issues. For example, if one gets injured in an accident or gets ill for a prolonged time the person may be unable to do work hence remain jobless (Greenhalgh 103) . to each one act comes with an outcome. However, the effects and causes and of joblessness are very powerful the life of the affected individuals. For instance, an employee lacking the suitable and get hold of skills required for a task will get retrenched or fired from a company. An individual may be jobless or get sacked from their job when a company wishes to cut on its budget. Similarly, in a case where there are plenty of workforces but not enough work to match them, their number will be reduced to ensure the company does not waste resources. On the other hand, if there is an abundance of jobs, but the employees lack the correct experience or skills to work hence the their replaced will occur. Job losses are beginnin g to rise steadily, and

Economic System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic System - try on ExampleFree market frugal carcass induces competition among different companies for there is no outdoor(a) evaluation. Presence of numerous competing companies brings great benefits to the consumers. Each company would strive to give their best as they would be thrown out of the market if found inferior. Free market permits full competition between companies. This would power companies to offer their best goods and services so that they will not be neglected by the consumers. Companies would contend in making better cheaper products in unload market economies. Higher quality services and slender products would fill the market because of competing companies. Free market also offers better freedom to consumers as they would be free to buy what they choose. Free market is therefore considered more effective than other economic systems. composite prudence does not offer freedom and choice for consumers as well as companies. Restrictions, interferences a nd extreme control oer business activities would discourage businesses. Excessive control would also make businesses incur more costs. Restrictions would limit certain(p) companies with providing competitive products and services. This would make consumers deprived of numerous choices that they enjoy in a free market system. Mixed economy system is thus considered little effectual than free market system. ... If free market system is imposed, business would flourish, producing varieties of products. More people would continue to buy products and services as numerous varieties of products and services become in the market. As businesses grow and flourish more people would be hired for work. This would lessen the conundrum of unemployment in the society. If businesses flourish and expand the society would be freed of unemployment. This would stimulate the economy and brings an overall growth. In a mixed economy there would be heavy taxation and external interferences. Excessive ta xation would impress the incentives and benefits directly. This would discourage people so that they would not work efficiently. Lack of incentives dishearten employees and make them deliver less work. This would affect companies and the products they offer. This hampers development in all sectors of the society. Mixed economic system is thus considered less efficient than a free market economy. In a free market economic system agreements atomic number 18 made faster compared to a mixed economy system. Interference from government would slow down the agreements in a mixed economy system. Governments are notoriously slow in making decisions and implementing it. Policy making takes its own time and delays all the subsequent activities. Government would make decisions and assign the work to the concerned departments. This allocation, decision-making and carrying out lag and often shift towards a pending status. Allocation of resources and its disbursement also get hold up in a syst em where government is in control. In a free market economic system such delays and laggings are absent as there is no intervention or travail from the

Postgrad education allows nurses to be more effective clinical Essay

Postgrad education leave behinds nurses to be more effective clinical decision makers - Essay Example c ar for practice has expanded and extended in both horizontal and vertical directions. This expansion has been too with child(p) and that professional growth comes by limiting functions rather than by extending them they believe that the focus of concentration should be on the functions that are of a professional nature and integral to treat. Nursing has gone too out-of-the-way(prenominal) and that it has begun to encroach on the medical domain. On the other hand the expanded roles in nursing suffer a vital need and provide health make out services where either none inhabit or services are limited. In addition, the assumption of additional functions by nurses is viewed as necessary so that the best possible care is rendered. Whatever the case, the changing environment has called for an education to keep pace with the late world. Yet the struggle for the inclusion of educatio nal programs for nursing in institutions of higher learning still continues at a time when education is needed more than ever to develop individuals who can deal with the problems of budge in modern life.Postgrad nurses are well geared up to convene the demands placed on todays nurse. These nurses are valued for their skills in diminutive thinking, management, case management, and for their capability to practice across a range of yardbird and outpatient settings.Moreover, Critical care nursing can non be understood in iso... e valued for their skills in critical thinking, management, case management, and for their capability to practice across a range of inpatient and outpatient settings. Moreover, Critical care nursing cannot be understood in isolation from nursing as a professional discipline. While geographical and specialization designations such as the emergency room, the coronary care unit, the Mobile Army Surgical hospital ( MASH) unit, or the intensive care unit white thorn imply critical care, the distinctiveness of critical care nursing awaits description. In fact, critical care nursing represents a concentration of nursing practice as a whole or reflects something innovative and different. Further, the impact of specialization and the rapid influx of technological change on nursing practice have gained the attention of few researchers. Advanced patient assessment skills held by post grad RNs particularly those who hold a grad dip in critical care, allow the nurse to improve patient outcomes because the grad dip gives nurses the ability to interpret and act on physiological abnormalities which is a fundamental factor in adverse event prediction and prevention (Julie Considine, 2004).Postgrad education not only provides nurses with the skill of using latest technology but also educate them to make high-octane decision at right time. In the intensive care unit the nurse collects and monitors vast amounts of tiny data. This monitoring is contin uous and occurs in rapidly changing situations. These judgments require anticipation of subtle changes and decision making, interpretations, intervention, and valuation in complex situations. The outcomes of these decisions may have life and death potential for patients. The decision making may occur in units that are inadequately staffed,

Effects on Divorce on Children Essay Example for Free

Effects on Divorce on Children leavenHowever few people think that its an easy process to get a fall apart 2 separate roperties and signing papers may seem like an easy task some merely there are major problems stack arise from the divorce like who is going to keep the timeshare in Aspen. But one rattling issue arises with the presence of children and how it will affect them in the long incite studies suggest that children that go through divorce express signs of distress for example acting out in teach. Divorce is Just as hard on the children as it is the adults and if they overlook this their children might be modify for even years to come showing concern for this might prevent this. More than half of either divorces involve children under the age of 18. Divorce does non only affect the husband and wife, but straight off more than ever their children get mixed up in the, sometimes ugly, process of divorce. A vital question every parent should consider is will divor ce have effects on children and is staying in concert for the sake of their well-being the best resolution, if not what are the ideal approaches to minimize the childs distress?The overall resolve I picked this topic is because after a divorce many newfangled children are unlogical. They are confused because they are sometimes too young to nderstand what is going on so they tend to scream for assist but their parents ignore them. Then they can sometimes start to act out in school and their parents hunch over why they are doing it but cannot help them express their feelings. This topic is sociologically important because young children need help understanding what divorce is and how to cope with it.All of these reason Ill be current to make a point of explaining them further and using reliable statistics taken from studies of children of divorce. This question should interest nearly everyone that plans of get married in the future. Divorce clearly isnt something that couples want or even expect in a marriage but unfortunately such(prenominal) events occur that allure to divorce and it is crucial to know how it may affect children in the long run. David Masci the author of the article Does divorce turn children into troubled adults? argues that divorce might turn children into troubled adults, and I agree because he provides viable evidence to support his theory. His telephone line that is supported by new research showing that almost half of all children in the get together States have to deal with their parents dissolution of marriage nd these some of these children show signs of distress in the by and by year. Mainly likelihood of health, emotional, and behavioral problems, lower academic achievement and an increased risk of divorce when they marry.In addition, early sex, out-of-wedlock pregnancy, alcohol and drug abuse, delinquency and suicide are more prevalent among adolescents from divorced families than among those from full families (Masci) I wholeheartedly endorse what David Masci argues. While many children grow up leading healthy and rich lives after a divorce occurs, they are at greater risk for emotional and physical problems. roughly children are more emotionally affected by divorce than others.But some do not experience serious, long-term emotional problems A childs emotional security also becomes more fragile during this ticklish time of divorce. Fears that both parents will abandon the child are common. Depending on the age of the child, some of the shipway a child might express this emotional insecurity may be lifesize amounts of anger, enjoin both toward others and themselves frequent breaking of rules, sleep problems, defying parents or teachers, frequent guilt, increasing isolation or onanism from friends and family, drug and/or alcohol buse, early sexual activity, thoughts of suicide or violence.Many children of divorce turn over that they caused the divorce or that they did something wrong that made one or both parents not want to be with them. These feelings can cause a child to feel sad, depressed, and angry. These negative emotions can contribute to other problems, such as poor health, difficulty in school, and problems with friends, to name a few. Parents can help their children avoid some of the negative consequences of these emotions by using emotion coaching, a process of helping children be aware of and let out about their emotions.Children who experience the divorce of their parents generally are more likely to struggle socially compared to children from built-in families. They are more likely to be aggressive, have poorer relationships with same-age children, and have fewer close friends. Also, these children and teenagers appear to be little involved in extracurricular activities, such as sports or music, and other enrichment programs, such as after-school classes or summer programs.This is likely due to slight money to pay for such activities, less availabi lity of parents to drive the child and attend lessons and events, ore frequent moves, and visiting and custody schedules that interrupt participation in team sports and other activities. Children and teenagers who experience the divorce of their parents may end up getting less maternal(p) supervision. As a result, some scholars believe that these children may be more susceptible to the influence of their peers and this increases the chances of them getting involved in deviant behavior, including drug and alcohol use and smoking.Generally, research has not found large differences in how boys and girls tend to adjust to divorce. However, it seems that boys, more than girls, tend to be more aggressive toward others and this can lead to their friends and peers rejecting them. Boys may be somewhat more likely to act in defiant ways at home and in school girls may be somewhat more likely to experience care and depression. A childs age when his or her parents divorce is another factor th at parents worry about. But divorce on children has not shown a consistent pattern.Some studies suggest that romantic relationships in the future of children of divorce can be affected because of their experiences as a young child. In addition, ome scholars believe that children of divorce are less likely to learn crucial social skills in the home, such as cooperation, negotiation, and compromise that are infallible for success in life. Children exposed to high levels of conflict between their parents, both before and after a divorce, may learn to model the poor communication of their parents.

Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Essay Example for Free

ethical motive and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World EssayAbstractThis paper al showtime for test the ethics of a pharmaceutical connection by the name of PharmaCARE. Stakeholders will be discussed, and the treatment of swan and file over conveyers versus executives will be analyzed. Also the proposed firing of three of PharmaCargons workers will be debated. to boot obligations, protection, and whistleblowing opportunities will be examined on behalf of Allen a music director for the company. PharmaCAREs environmental initiatives will be assessed and compared to their efforts to check into environmental laws and regulations. The Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ( CERCLA) will be reviewed, and all sustenance which apply to the PharmaCARE scenario will be discussed.PharmaCARE is one of the worlds most successful pharmaceutical companies. It has a reputation for producing high quality products that saved millions of lives, and en hance the quality of millions of others. The company sponsors a program that offers free and discounted medication to low income customers. PharmaCARE has many stakeholders. Stakeholders being any one or group owning a signifi pott percentage of a company shares, or a person or group non owning shares in an enterprise solely affected by or having worry in its operation.(W.Dictionary) Having established the definition of a stakeholder, one can concur that PharmaCARE has plenty. When identifying the companys stakeholders the first that come to mind are the investors, shareholders and employees, without these people the company would waive to exist. The secondary stakeholders are the customers, suppliers, communities, clinics, hospitals, and doctors offices, all of these groups have an interest or will be affected by the operations of PharmaCARE.Established in New Jersey, PharmaCARE owns a substantial manufacturing facility in the African demesne of Colberia. The natives of the lan d are extremely poor and maintain the lowest standard of living. PharmaCARE employs the natives, paying them a miserable one dollar a day salary to gather plants and carry up to fifty pounds louver miles. The company executives that run the facility on the other hand live in a luxuriousness compound fork upd by the company. PharmaCAREs practice of paying people to work for a dollar a day is totally utilitarian. They are getting cheap labor and destroying the land of the natives without even trying to set up a structure to help the people out of poverty, or provide equipment or facilities to help them fill up their land. PharmaCARE is morally corrupt, they have no sense of community when it comes to their bottom line. The executive of PharmaCARE are paid sound salaries and are treated well. They are provided with facilities that contain all the amenities. The impose ranking employees are treated as expendables. They are expected to work in unsafe conditions without complaint, or risk the chance of being fired. They are in some cases paid a salary so miniscule that it can be interpreted as modern day slavery. On the surface PharmaCARE looks to be an ethically sound company hardly when closely evaluated it is utilitarianism at its worst.Allen Jones a manager for the company was appointed to lead a spick-and-span variation created by PharmaCARE called CompCARE. The subsidiary was a way for PharmaCARE to avoid FDA scrutiny concerning the reformulation and selling of their top selling diabetes drug. The company quickly established CompCARE and did a low cost renovation to an office located close to headquarter. The new formulation of the drug was successful for treating Alzheimer and the success of CompCARE grew. As production and workings hours increased employees began to fall ill. An employee brought to Allens attention that there was barf on the air vents, after contacting his supervisor Allen was told to ignore the fact. An EE by the name of Donna who previously had perfect attendance became so ill that she could no longer report to work be parkway of the mold. So she eventually filed for workers compensation. Tom one of Allens outmatch supervisor queer to file a complaint with OSHA about the air quality at the facility because it was so bad. Lastly an EE named Ayesha filed an EEOC (Equal duty Opportunity Commission) complaintinferring that she had been looked over for a promotion because she was Muslim. Allen discussed the EE issues with his boss and was told to fire them all. Firing the EEs would not be the best decision for Allen, he has to consider the legal ramifications of his actions.Legally, Allen cannot fire Donna for filing for workers compensation, an EE is protected by law from retaliation for filing a claim. Donna had excellent work evaluations prior to her illness, Allen would have to provide sufficient evidence that firing her was not due to the filing of a workers comp claim. Firing Donna would surely be come an employment discrimination lawsuit against PharmaCARE, it would be wise for Allen to convince his boss to take care of the mold problem in the facility it would save the company money in the long run. Terminating Tom would in addition bring litigations against PharmaCARE, Tom could allege that he was wrongfully discharged, because he complained about his unsafe working conditions and threaten to inform OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Commission). Under the Wrongful Discharge from Employment Act one cannot be end upd for reporting a violation of public policy or not for good cause once a probationary period is completed. Tom was Allens best supervisor, terminating him would be illegal. Allen needs to transport his boss to remedy the mold problem at the facility, he needs to explain to him that it is in the best interest of the company.Lastly Allen could legally fire Ayesha, not because of her filing a complaint with EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunities Commission) how ever for not being able to substantiate the claim. Under the Employment-at- Will Act he can terminate her unless some type of contractual terms are stated or implied in the employers handbook.Allens managerial status puts him in a unique position, he has direct contact with the executives and daily interactions with the lower level EE. Allen is faced with legal and ethical issues, Allen has been told to allow workers to remain in a hazardous work environment. The air quality of the workplace is dangerous to the wellness of any one working in the environment. As a manager he has an ethical and legal duty to report the conditions of his jobsite to first his superiors, then to OSHA if no measures are taken to correct the problem. Allens boss has do it clear that nothing will be done about the air pollution, so reporting this problem to OSHA wouldbenefit Allen legally. As a manager Allen was made aware of the problem by an employee, if the employee decides to contact OSHA and inform t hem that they reported this problem to him he may be fired later for not taking steps to remedy the problem. Once you submit a complaint to OSHA your company cannot retaliate against you, this will protect Allen from getting fired and having legal action taken against him. Allen reporting to OSHA is his best option, his job will be protected and he would have done the just thing for the employees.PharmaCARE had recently announced its We Care about Your World initiative. They started recycling, and made packaging changes, these steps made them seem community friendly. Even as they took on these green initiatives, they lobbied to block environmental efforts that would benefit the greater good of the people. Also they entered poor villages and exploited the people and the land to their benefit with no moral gauge. It seems that PharmaCARE is promoting an build of environmental stewardship when they are actually ethically corrupt. They are misleading the community with their behind t he scenes practices. If PharmaCARE is going to pose themselves as an environmentally friendly company than they should assume the responsibility of initiating a green program in all aspects of their productions within reason. Communities will support a company that they believe to care about the interest of the greater good and not just profit. PharmaCARE is jeopardizing their image with these unethical practices and if made public the company could possibly suffer an economic loss.Comprehensive Environment Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) also know as Superfund, was enacted by Congress in 1980. This law created a tax on the chemical and fossil oil industries and provided broad Federal authority to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may cross public health or the environment. The law authorized the EPA to identify companies or individuals responsible for hazardous untamed contamination and require them to clean it up . If no party could be found responsible for the contamination then money from the superfund would be used for the cleanup. On October 17, 1986 CERCLA was amended to include more detailed provisions to pause the process ofenforcing maintaining and cleaning contamination sites.They include increasing State involvement in every phase angle of the Superfund program, requiring Superfund actions to consider the standards and requirements found in other State and Federal environmental laws and regulations, and stressing the importance of permanent remedies and sophisticated treatment technologies in cleaning up hazardous waste sites. There are eleven provisions in all, they were added to give the states more authority in the matters of environmental protection, and bring awareness to the actual dangers to homosexual health from hazardous waste. Provisions relating to PharmaCARE are the right to have safe and toxic free working conditions and the power of the state to enforce clean up, also the random site inspections.ReferencesStakeholders. (n.d.) Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved August 11, 2013, from Dictionary.com website OSHA complying with workplace health and safety laws. (2013). Retrieved from www.nolo.com SARA Overview. (2013). Retrieved from www.epa.gov/superfund/policy Halbert, T., Ingulli, E. (2012). The duty of loyalty. In M. Staudt M. Stranz (Eds.), Laws and ethics in the business environment (7th ed.). Mason, Ohio Cengage Learning

Antebellum Period Essay Example for Free

Antebellum Period hearDuring the time period between 1825-1850, cognize as the Antebellum Period, the series of reform movements that emerged sought to parliamentary ideals of equality, liberty, the right to vote, and a more centralized government. The Second salient awakening, one of some religious reforms, spread out equality through the belief that everyone could attain salvation through hard work and faith. The Second enormous Awakening was the spark for many of the another(prenominal) reform movements, much(prenominal) as dryness, Womens Rights, and Abolition. These movements along with reforms of pri word of honors and mental facilities, and nurture attempted to craft America into a more utopian social club. The Second Great Awakening had started after the Revolutionary War, gained momentum around the turn of the century, and was at its strongest during the Antebellum Period. It was driven by the idea that everyone could be saved through revivals. Revivals were especially prevalent in upstate New York, which was nicknamed the burned-over district by Charles Finney, a prominent Presbyterian leader of The Second Great Awakening. Because there were so many revivals there, it seemed like there couldnt perchance be anyone left to convert.Social activism became the main method of revival in the North. Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist denominations made considerable gains in membership in the South and on the frontier were camp meeting revivals took place. As in Document B where Finney said the reforms awakened and converted even the more or less a bardoned profligates, the protestant ministers in the South preached to people of all classes and races, including unblock blacks, slaves, and slaveholders. Free blacks began to start their own churches on the belief that everyone infallible to hear put acrosss of salvation and personal immunity. Due to prejudices against them, many apologise blacks separated from the Methodist church. One such man named Richard Allen founded the African Methodist Episcopal denomination. Blacks had more freedom within the Baptist church, as they could become ministers, and many black Baptist congregations were formed. Also during this time, groups such as the Mormons, Shakers and Baptists developed due to desires to restore primitive forms of Christianity, known as the Restoration Movement.In the late 1820s, Joseph Smith claimed to receive visions of a new sacred text/ subjoining to the Bible, the Book of Mormon. He founded a primitivist church called the Church of Christ on the teachings of this book and other revelations. Mormons establish their premier community in western New York. They then moved to Kirtland, Ohio, where Mormons faced persecution and Joseph Smith was assassinated. The first split in the church came surrounding the question of the next leader, but most Mormons migrated to Utah, spreading their message and gaining followers on the way, under the leadership of Bri gham Young. Other popular groups that rose were the Unitarians and Universalists. Unitarianism is named for its understanding of God as one person, unlike the traditional Christian doctrine of Trinitarianism which defines God as three persons (Father, Son, and Holy Ghost) coexistent as one in being.It teaches that Jesus was a prophet and in some sense the son of God, but not God himself. Universalists believe that all humans either may or go out be saved through Jesus Christ and eventually go to heaven. Teachings of the Second Great Awakening endorsed a strong work ethic, frugality and temperance within the expanding middle class. The Temperance Movement sprung from the amicable activism of the Second Great Awakening. Alcoholism was a growing problem in the United States spousal abuse, family overtop and chronic unemployment were on the rise, issues which are shown in The Drunkards Progress (Document H). It was an area that healthful-disposed activists felt needed addressing. L yman Beecher, a leading Presbyterian minister of the Second Great Awakening, lectured against the use of alcohol and co-founded the American Temperance Society, the first U.S. social movement organization to mobilize massive and national support for a specific reform cause. within 12 years, it claimed more than 8000 local groups and 1,500,000 members. Many other Temperance societies popped up, such as the American Temperance Union and the States Delevan Union Temperance Society of Colored People, a temperance society headed by free blacks. The Temperance Movement first saw statewide success in Maine, where a total ban was placed on the manufacturing and sale of liquor. The Maine Law, as it became known as, was the work of Portland mayor Neal Dow, who gained the nicknames the Father of Prohibition and the short sleep of Temperance. Dow was very involved in the temperance movement, having traveled much of the northeastern United States and split of Canada speaking against intemperan ce. His Maine Law spawned other prohibition laws in the country. The Temperance Movement expanded democratic ideals by asking the government to govern the sale of alcohol, making the government more centralized. The Second Great Awakenings speech pattern on the ability of individuals to amend their lives caused many reform movements aimed at redressing injustice and alleviating suffering in societya democratizing effect.Abolitionism was one such movement, and it to was led in part by leaders of the Second Great Awakening. It called the immediate ending of slavery, as opposed to the other anti-slavery positions of the time, Gradualism which called for an end to slavery over time and small town which relied on the manumission of slaves who would then be taken back to Africa. Lyman Beecher was in any case an abolitionist, and more importantly the father of Harriet Beecher Stowe, the creator of Uncle Toms Cabin. The novel was the most influential piece of abolitionist literature and spread the Abolitionist message to millions of Americans. Charles Finney ofttimes spoke out against slavery from the pulpit and was involved in the abolitionist movement. Neal Dow was also a known abolitionist, his house was a stop on The subsurface Railroad. Just like with the Temperance Movement, many Abolitionist societies formed, the most prominent being the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS).The AAS was founded by William Lloyd fortress, the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. Garrison was in support of immediate emancipation of the slaves and their integration into American society. He also believed that slave owners should not be reimbursed for their lost property. Wendell Phillips became a frequent speaker at AAS conventions after witnessing the attempted lynch of Garrison by a pro-slavery mob in 1835. He went on to write many pamphlets and essays against slavery. Sisters Angelina and Sarah Grimke became well known anti-slavery speakers and writers. They came from a slave-owning white family in the South and spoke from experience on the evils of slavery. Angelina married feller abolitionist and mentor Theodore Weld. Weld spoke out against slavery until he lost his voice in 1837. He then focused on writing for the AAS. In 1839, he and the Grimk sisters co-wrote the pivotal book American Slavery As It Is Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Many historians regard Weld as the most important figure in the abolitionist movement. Escaped slave Frederick Douglass went around the country speaking at AASS conventions and at other events about the things he personally experienced as a slave.He publish the North Star, an aboltionist newspaper that got its name from the North Star which guided slaves to freedom in the North. Escaped slaves Harriet Tubman and Sojourner accuracy also became speakers and leaders in the Abolitionist Movement. Tubman helped over 300 slaves escape from the South on the Underground Railroad and became friends with Do uglass. Truth also became friends with Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. The abolitionist movement promoted democratic ideals as it tried expand freedom and equality to the slaves. Women were heavily involved with the Temperance and Abolitionist movements, and many of them went on to work with the Womens Rights Movement. For many women, and as shown in Document C, the two causes were intertwined because they work for their own liberty as well. The role of women in the kinsperson had begun to change with the ongoing Industrial Revolution. A group of young single women known as Lowell girls worked in factories. In the middle and upper classes, women became the moral and spiritual leaders of their households, known as the Cult of Domesticity. on with speaking on temperance and abolition, some women began speaking on womens rights at conventions.One such charr was Lucretia Mott. She was focused mostly on womens rights, publishing her influential Discourse on Woman and founding Swa rthmore College. She became a Quaker minister, and was noted for her speaking ability. She advocated the boycotting the products of slave labor. She was an early supporter of William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society. She worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and the two women organised the first womens rights convention which was held in Seneca Falls, New York. At the convention, Stanton stated that they were assembled to declare our right to be free as man is free (Document I) and presented the Declaration of Sentiments, a document written by Stanton and based on the form of the Declaration of Independence. It declared that men and women were equal and that women had no representation since they couldnt vote.Frederick Douglass, who was in attendance at the convention and helped pass the resolutions in the Declaration of Sentiments called the document the grand basis for attaining the civil, social, political, and religious rights of women. The Grimke sisters, Har riet Tubman, and Sojourner Truth were also suffragists. The Womens Rights Movement expanded democratic ideals because it pushed for equality and the right to vote for women. Another reform started during this period was an instruction reform. The education reform was pushed by increasing interest in universal education because the growing issue forth of voters and immigrants and a desire to maintain social order.It was largely the works of Massachusetts School Board depositary Horace Mann. Most states adopted one version or another of the system he established in Massachusetts, especially the program for normal schools to train professional teachers. He pushed for more public support of public schools arguing that universal public education was the best way to turn the nations unruly children into disciplined, judicious republican citizens. He has been called the Father of the Common School Movement and the Father of American Public Education. His schools and other schools aroun d the country used McGuffey Readers document e is a selection from one as textbooks. at that place were different books for each learning level.

Nick and Julia Essay Example for Free

break away and Julia EssayMargaret A dickensods The Handmaids Tale and George Orwells 1984 are pieces of dystopian literature which embody repressive regimes and governments that rule through oppressiveness and state controlled technology. One would think that eff could not perhaps be incorporated into such novels. Its antithesis, detest is understandably weaved in and expected, given the genre. However, in 1984 and The Handmaids Tale, two totalitarian stories, the authors have given their protagonists a make out interest. It plays both a pivotal and underlying quality. There appears many ways in which Atwood and Orwell have approached the love relationships. some(prenominal) protagonists are highly suspicious of their prospective love interests. Nick and Julia have been introduced in the two novels by chapter four to some degree, the early introduction highlighting their signifi cigaretce as characters. The level on uncertainty is shown through Offred considering Nick to be fishy and Winston not doubting that Julia was spying on him. Both also play with the idea that they might be government agents, and these sentiments as very ironic as one comes to realise that they form relationships, of which a fundamental aspects is trust.The idea of this is to highlight the societies they live in. It is also arouse to note they way they describe their significant others. Immediately, one is drawn to the dark haired girl that becomes known as Julia, the word dark holding a connotation it can be considered a hidden warning, that Julia is possibly a dangerous character of sorts, that she is an unknown anomaly, hinting she could be a dark horse. One can impinging this idea of it existence a warning with when Winston wakes up with Shakespeare on his lips, which signifies that his Juliet will play a role in his life.These are both proleptic, and to an extent fatalistic as to Winstons demise, as we unravel Julias and also the find that Winston eventually ends up in the place where there is no darkness. It is a simple yet good initial description, helping us to feel the uncertainty the Winston feels. With Nick we are, unlike with Julia, given a little portrait. Significantly, Offreds and Nicks initial meeting occurs in the middle of the night. Again, the use of dark features when Offred describes him as a man make of darkness, and also when describing the hairs on his arms.Add to which his French face, it insinuates that he has something deep and abstruse about him, and the idea of his contrary demeanour heightens this theory of the unknown about him. One can look further into this idea of him being an outsider and link it to his spot in the resistance, as an outsider of the regime. This notion can be plunk for up by the rebellious streak he has in the way he is depicted, with his cap being worn at a jaunty angle and also the cigarette he smokes showing that he has something to trade on the black market.The idea of rebellion is also s een in 1984 in chapter three. In Winstons stargaze the way Julia tore off her clothes seemed to annihilate a whole system. This dream is proleptic of the hope that Julia and Winston can bring Big Brothers regime into disrepute through their relationship. Yet in this dream, Julias naked body excited no desire in him, however we obtain an insight into the sexual frustration Offred feels despite herself by imagining how Nick might taste.It is possible that one can read into these feelings, that the regimes of Oceania, in Comparison to Gilead, has been more fortunate in eradicating these sexual desires both states want to remove. We can also draw that both of the affairs were make through desperation, brought on by the changes in the environment they now live in. Fear plays a part in both novels with Offred scared that Nicks dissident wink is a trap. These are Winstons thoughts when he reads Julias note that patently stated I love you.The paranoia they experience is due to the fact that inside their minds they are against the set up of their lives, as outward defiance would lead to probable death. Therefore when they encounter any sort of uncontrollable behaviour, their get-go reaction is fear, such is the control society has over them. It is interesting to note the simplicity of Julias note, a subject, verb and object statement. Compared to the manipulation of language we see throughout the novel, it emphasises the fact that not everything can be changed easily, be it language or feelings.The ways in which both affairs rebel against their respective systems are crucially different. In The Handmaids Tale, Offreds situation pushed her towards Nick because she years to be touched by someone, to be felt so greedily. One can tell of the sexual frustration caused by the Gilead regime as Atwood saturates the scene where Offred is for the first time touched by Nick with the tension felt by them both. Using the present tense, short-circuit sharp sentences and Offre ds intrinsic dialogue diverged by brief verbal exchanges between them both.To live in a society so devoid in love is the catalyst for her affair, as she considers the parodic ceremony with the Commander to be fucking, with no affection or tenderness, just like what one sees in 1984 with everyones duty to the party. So in essence anything that goes beyond sex for procreation is illegal in the eyes of both Gilead and Oceania. Unlike Offred, Winston is desperate to love but to fulfil his needs sexually the primary reason that drove him into the relationship in the first place, also Winstons frustration is the reason for his misogynistic feelings, and the motive behind his rebellion.

Employee empowerment Essay Example for Free

Employee empowerment EssayWith no particular list of practices and principles associated with t TQM, a culture, focuses on quality and what does quality constitute in an organizations functions and it considers customer reaction the best measure of quality which depicts the chances of rivalrous advantage and higher gross profits. Employees having ideas about the improvement of quality and how to do a good teleph nonpareil circuit should be asked to contribute and monitor quality in TQM programs. These programs lay emphasis on the use of technologies that upkeep and aid quality measurement, improvement, issue identification and its solution. In order to ensure substantial commitment to making better decisions and Increase potential and fficiency individuals or teams should be given the power, information and knowledge concerning their autonomous implementation and attention. Employee involvement programs emphasize changing Job designs and using team structures at the organiz ations lowest level where as Employee involvement programs emphasize changing Job designs and using team structures at the organizations lowest level.This comparison shows that they do overlap substantially In their major points but that employee Involvement argues for some opposite forms of organization and places more stress on practices such as self managing work teams. Employee nvolvement seems to fit well In preferably small organizational units which are created to produce entire products and serve a particular customer base. core quality management processes tend to fit situations where large numbers of employees are required to service a customer or produce a product. Depending upon the organizations condition, strategic orientation, the kind of work It needs to do, and where It operates, the best management cost may be either one of these In Its pure form or an approach that modifies each to take advantage of certain elements In the other. Future research needs to focus on when and how specific practices ffect organizational performance. mployee empowerment By areebasaad27 substantial commitment to making better decisions and increase effectiveness and This comparison shows that they do overlap substantially in their major points but that employee involvement argues for some different forms of organization and involvement seems to fit well in rather small organizational units which are created organizations condition, strategic orientation, the kind of work it needs to do, and where it operates, the best management approach may be either one of these in its in the other. Future research needs to focus on when and how specific practices

City of Mount Rainier Essay Example for Free

city of Mount Rainier EssayNeither does the department of scotch nurture for the urban center of Mount Rainier handle nor is it baffling with any matrix of the pricing schema. As the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2006 stated on production, packaging and pricing, production cycle involves a flow from the dealers, employees and customers automatic all(prenominal)y between the functional areas and outside(a)ly.Reduced product to market cycle meant to ensure full and on epoch delivery to customers keeps a byplay on track by reducing errors, inefficiencies and high running costs. However, the city does offer a mix of products solely based on promoting using of blighted or downstairs subprogramd parcels. Thus, it is critical that any incentive or line of descent help be directed to set up the marketing objectives of the City of Mount Rainier.For example, the city will offer or sponsor Tax maturation Financing, State grants or Infras tructure Grants to developers to increase interest and make the area more attractive. This is very undeniable for the City to be able to compete with otherwisewise local municipalities and the District of Columbia, making it imperative for the City to use incentives for redevelopment of the downtown personal credit line district. Especially considering that the addition of businesses will create higher gainful jobs, large capital enthronization, tourism and greater benefits to the local community.With this in mind, its primary objective is to add to the innovation of the current business population, increase essential tax base in the area, and pursue the highest quality of jobs and investment by providing an overall balanced approach to economic development for the City. Organizations transpose design. A good organizations channel design enables exchange of instruction and ideas with external or outsourced personnel such as financial assistants, engineers, designers, and ot her partners.It is a system that provides solutions including help to speed up development processes and enhance further future improvements in efficiency With this the City of Mount Rainier can be able to streamline the entire value chain, including all key suppliers, subcontractors, and service providers. The system platform raises transparency of production processes, permitting them to identify potential problems at an archeozoic stage, and to take immediate action.According to Kotler and Keller (2008), a marketing channel performs the work of moving products from producers to consumers, overcoming the time, place, and possession gaps that shed light on goods and services from those that want them (p. 232). The Department of Economic Development for the City of Mount Rainier employs a two take channel of marketing with at least two intermediaries. The Citys intermediately roles are that of an broker and facilitator. Attracting entrepreneurs and private investment opportunit ies is the primary goal of economic development in the City of Mount Rainier.As for the Department of Economic Development, the greatest aspiration is to turn around Mount Rainier, making the City i of the best places in the world in which to start a profession or grow a business. The department is working to reposition Mount Rainier as the next great American city for business investment and economic opportunity. This entails employing a balanced attack with corresponding efforts to improve business development, while engage transformative state-supported policy changes planned to enhance the magnetism of Mount Rainier as a place in which to invest.On the other hand, an integrate logistics system consists of materials management, material flow systems, and although the City of Mount Rainier does non use such a system as a tool for economic development, A fully integrated accurate unit tracking system is a critical comp unrivalednt of modern customer transaction and service th at is in use, and it is also important for inventory and cost control. Just like integrated logistics system, it monitors all the key movements of goods and services in any transaction.Tracking of the way financial agreements are facilitated for business assistance is important because the gathered data is useful for financial analysis. In support of business analysis, the system ought to fork up a tool that provides the reporting intelligently. (OECD, 2006) Business information across all assistants can be automatically converted into business intelligence reports benchmarking the performance of the business transactions. At the same time analysis on dealerships can show the best business practices for individual or the group of partners. Marketing and communication systemConsidering that City of Mount Rainier is recognizing a need for business retention and attraction efforts, they have partnered with other public and private businesses stakeholders to create an Economic Develo pment Corporation (EDC) to promote the City and its business advantages and opportunities to local, regional, national and international markets. The purpose of the EDC is to enhance the economic indispensableity of the City and its residents through creating marketing initiatives, business retention programs, business attraction efforts and dissemination of information.Created as a public-private partnership, the EDC can generate business leads and opportunities that the City could otherwise not do, furthering development. In addition, this partnership serves as the first line of contact with the public, business prospects and developers who are seeking information about doing business in the City. Furthermore, the EDC facilitates development, cultivates business opportunities and creates partnerships that will result in increased economic development in the City of Mount Rainier.The question re main(prenominal)s, which supreme marketing and communication strategy would boost this collaborationism for better growth? For any company to prosper in any of its transactions, a strong and optimum management system ought to be put in place. In line with Poirier and Reiter, (1996), success in a company is enhanced by rapid and reliable exchange of data within its group members and with its business partners. This is vital to the further development products and deliverance of quality services.Technically one important communication strategy would calls for a highly effective communications infrastructure that allows effective coordination and management of highly complex, highly plastic development, design and production processes. In line with Poirier and Reiter, on Advanced Planning and Optimization in (1996), the main aims of marketing managers should be to process aftermarket into one system, plan for wide coverage and include all parties involved in the planning process. P. 160) In other words, high-speed data communications have to be one of the engines dri ving the growth of any organization or company offering services or traffic with businesses stakeholders. Any marketing strategy should take establishment and enhancement of a quality communications infrastructure in it key aims. This is a reliable system that ought to augment cooperation among virtual elements regardless of their position at the time of requirement.It permits all around the globe contribution to projects without duplication or underutilization of human effort or technical resources. Consideration for one of the various information systems and networks is a standard solution that can be tailored to particular needs. A system that supports all the data and allows for data interchange with outside suppliers and other partners naturally always gives a good return on investment. This is not a matter of respectable laying down the network system within the company.Efficiency, Security, reliability and scalability of the system are some of the vital parts to be fulfille d by a system so as to support various access methods and service levels. As Poirier and Reiter emphasizes, a good system is one that can be gear to the needs of each individual supplier and business partner. (P. 160). Needless to say, this new ways of revitalizing the Citys commercial corridors by encouraging continued and private investment, would highly revitalize strategies allowing the city to locate its assistance and support in ways that are sustainable at the local level.

Fat Tax brings Fat Benefits Essay Example for Free

Fat levy brings Fat Benefits Essay tear apart pabulum. Do whatsoever of us know the meaning of the term? Do the consequences of developing lethal diseases not concern us? Appargonntly, todays confederation is well aware of what it is, (food with a low nutrition value and is usu exclusivelyy processed or ready-prepared (Junk Food)) and what it can do, yet they prefer not to clear truth repeatedly slapped in their face by the media. The way I compute it, thats exactly what these individuals are asking for. They say diets are productive, but its ground off of self-encouragement which can just take you so far. According to an article composed by William Dietz, obesity is a matter of personal responsibility. Poor dietary decisions cost individuals the expansion of their waist lines. What m any do not realize is that as they continue to visit strong food restaurants for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, they develop an addiction. earlier or later, they find themselves wrapped aro und junk foods salty fingers and packnt bothered to notice that they no daylong can see their toes standing upright. Higher taxes should be imposed on processed goods because it could lower finale rates and medical bills that tie into obesity, encourage the consumption of healthy products, and educate the Statesns round adapting correct feeding habits.Americans today are consuming 20% more calories than they did in the early 1980s, (Would Imposing par. 3). Also, during that time period, only one third of Americans populace were identified as obese which is equivalent to 13%. However, over the ultimo 25 years, America has exceeded to about 60% of the population being fat (Oliver par. 8). Due to the continuous establishments of fast food restaurants, Americans assume noticed that their waist lines find expanded substantially. Hundreds of years ago, McDonalds, Jack in the Box, W mop upys, and Burger big business populace were non-existant. With McDonalds Big Mac meal containi ng approximately 1,300 calories, its no oddity America has been suffering an obesity epidemic. Its because of these boffocompanies that we have to pay for the over flowing stacks of health expenses theyve created for us. Comparing Americans then with Americans now, you could literally see the difference without the need of any statistical information from surveys, documents, and whatnot.One of the many reasons why the disposal is pickings this fat tax into consideration is due to the overwhelming figures of premature finales and medical bills occuring across the state of matter. According to studies, officials are hoping that taxation on junk food could avert 2,600 deaths, 9,600 heart attacks, 240,000 new cases of diabetes every year, (Chan par. 2). Thats not the end of it. These numbers are ascending as I we carry on with our normal daily lives. For all I know, 2013s statistics for premature deaths due to obesity could escalate to 3,500 Almost every year, Americas government i s burdened by the stunning $117 million in debt they have to pay because of people becoming diagnosed with multiple heart diseases thank to the consumption of fast food.With that being said, the Centers of Disease Control (CDC) informed the public that too much of todays company relies on the cheap and convenient take outs our restaurants provide us. They encounter at least 400,000 individuals with health problems, charging them approximately $100 million a year (Lewis par. 4). For this reason, it is why unhealthy grubs are purchased regularly. If people were to choose between a $2 cheeseburger and a $10 salad wrap, what are the chances of them picking the $10 salad wrap? Thats what I thought. Its frustrate knowing that profits made from fast foods are used to assist our nations debt. Why cant the notes derive from potent nourishments?Why do we allow the selling of unsalutary meals, knowing we are feeding them death munchies? In Addition, America has judgement skills that are co mpletely frail and incompetent. Here we are placing exorbitant prices on healthy products when it should be the life-threatening comestibles that should be prohibited. A hand full of officials in the country have required several fast food restaurants to display calorie-count labels to drive individuals taste buds from convenience food. But blush that wont prevent obesity (Mozes par. 7). Nevertheless, even a simple a simple label couldnt turn back the hungry beasts of America fromgobbling down chunks of blubber.Due to these astonishing numbers, Americans are looking towards taxing junk food similarly to sin taxes. Its a tax on harmful items (such as alcohol, tobacco, etc.) that could reduce its consumption. Officials have been push for states to insitute a fat tax and consider it as a sin tax. According to several smokers in unused York, they discovered that paying a total of $14.50 for one pack of cigarette wasnt worth their money. rough of them knew that complaining wouldnt lose them anywhere, so they eventually ditched the dependency (Sutherland par. 2). With the assistance of this sin tax, smoking rates dropped by 12%, (Would Imposingpar. 3). This specifically proves to opponents that bomming junk food taxs can depreciate premature death percentages and medical expenses as well.Obviously, pricey items attract less customers nowadays so the higher the taxes, the lower the consumption. Plus, our government could distribute these taxes to health services and programs that illustrate the essence of stalwartness. Also, whether the populace continues to ignore the governments warning through tariffs, either way the tariff generated $30 million in new revenue, tax records show. Basically if fast food customers wish to take their daily routine visiting McDonalds, itll still bring the economy extra dough to support the country. plane if our main centering is to sever societys tongue from higher cholestrol levels, we can only succor those who wish for ass istance.Moreover, authorizing taxes on fast foods could subsidize the nutritional products that actually supply our physiques with the appropriate energy it naturally pines for. Knowing that the poorest in the country rely on cheap junk food, (Lewis par. 5), automatically discloses that this necessitates more natural resources. However, in America its vise-versa. The more nutrition an item contains, the more you have to pay. With higher taxes on junk food, there would be no need for the federal to tax our fruits and vegetables. Society will eventually quit their whining and chase cheaper alternatives.Representatives end-to-end the country have calculated that an 18% taxon junk food would result in a 56-calorie decline in total daily intakealong with significant reductions in the risks of most obesity-related chronic diseases, (Fiore par. 12). Doctors have stressed that the recommended calorie consumed should be in the range of 2,000 calories. By the looks of it, Americans today are exceeding these limits. And they wonder why they are experiencing strokes, heart attacks, and becoming diagnosed with diabetes.Lastly, more health education could influence the populations mindset about the need to eat sugary items. Media has played a huge role in advertising unctuous items. Instead, we could use this strategy to discourage our customers from purchasing fast foods, stressing our concerns of obesity. Our targets would be the same audience that was exposed to fat commercials. heave awareness within our communities, and then our country is what the U.S. lacks today. It has been said that You are what you eat, but are any of us aware of exactly what we are putting in our mouths? They may display what supplies make that contingent meal, but do they show how much butter they use to cook steaks?Apparently, the U.S. Department of Agriculture says hamburgers have been growing from 1 ounce in 1957 to 6 ounces in 1997, (Oliver par. 11). If 1997 was sixteen years ago, just think how hefty burgers are today? Notifying our customers about junk food should be our leaders priority. It would be haughty not to try everything we can to save livesPeople are dying everyday due to sugary products, (Bloomberg qtd. in Heaton par. 5). I couldnt agree more with Mayor Bloomberg of New York. He is probably the only official that wants to make a fat tax to give back to the people he represents. Americans are self-centered, and their main focus is money. No one cares if theyre putting ones life in jeoparady by creating harmful grubs. If one was to take a stand against these fast food companies, itll have to start with our leaders.On the other hand, controversies have made society equivocal about the implementation of taxation on packaged foods. As expected, citizens of America claim that the government is becoming too controling, and their freedom of choice is being stripped from them. While our officialsintensions are to perpetuate the corpulence widespread, other s sapidity provoked because they believe the government is trying to dictate their intellect (Lewis par. 3). Our leaders stress that victorious care of the well-being of our internal organs should be our priority. However, the public refuses admit to the valuable advice they articulate. Many feel as if they were to say, Who are you to tell me what I can eat and not eat? Its only fairish that the people have the last say. After all, this country was established fighting For the people, by the people (Star sequined illegalizener).On top of that, as stated in an article by Jen Kalaidis, tax also be the country an estimated 1,300 jobs because employees would no longer be needed in food retail sectors. Although an collection of occupations would be lost, many tend to give in and develop the mindset of a pessimistic. As Alexander graham Bell, (an eminent scientist, engineer, innovator, etc.), proclaimed, When one door closes, another door opens. The message he speaks of is about pr eserverence and circulating secret code but positive thought within your mind.Americans who fear losing their jobs should realize that plantation fields and factories will submit more and more employees once the fat tax is instituted. The fields will require more man power for labor work, and for manufacturing purposes as well. You will soon after notice that grocery markets will have job oppertunites. Its actually a ripple effect, and once the economy is back to the way it was in the lead the nation debt came about, the unemployement will be no more.Therefore, it is essential to communicate the outweighing benefits of a fat tax to the public now, before America begins to hit a downfall in the next five years. Junk food should not be outlawed, nor should it be cheap. If Americans want to continue this portliness evolvement, they can expect to see excessive aftermath in death rates. These unhealthy eats are about to rebuild our countrys values soon enough. However, with the assist ance of this Twinkie Tax, I believe we could expect a tangible decline in Americas death progression and health expenses, a promotion of organic products, as well as more programs raising awareness of corpulence.Works CitedChan, Amanda L. Raising Junk Food Prices Could Spur People to Consume LessStudy. The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post.com, 12 Dec. 2012. Web. 26 Apr. 2013.Dietz, William. fleshiness ProCon.org Obesity ProCon.org. Search Engine Optimization, 19 Apr. 2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2013.Elder, Larry. Just How Fat Are We? WSJ World Stream. WND Commentary, 1997-2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2013.Fiore, Kristina. Junk Food Tax Could Improve Health. ABC News. ABC News Network, 10 Mar. 2010. Web. 06 May 2013.Heaton, Richard. NYC Soda Ban Overturned then Appealed. Digital Journal (2013) n.pag. Print.Junk Food. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com. n.d. Web.05 May 2013.Kalaidis, Jen. Should the U.S. Adopt a Fat Tax? The Week New York 25 Feb. 2013 n.p. Print.Lewis, Catherine. The Junk Food Tax How Much are We Willing to pay to get America Healthy? Your Health Information Center. Insiders Health, 2011. Web. 5 May 2013.Medical Weight Loss Resources. shed light on 10 Obesity-Related Diseases. American Heart Association, Centers for Disease Control, National Institutes of Health, 23 Apr. 2013. Web. 16 May 2013.Mozes, Alan. The Fat Tax. A Controversial Tool in War Against Obesity. (23 May 2005) 2-3 Print.Oliver, J. Eric. A Big, Fat Problem. Fat Politics The original Story Behind Americas Obesity Epidemic. Oxford Oxford UP, 2006. 1-4. Print.Sutherland, Amber. Smokers Huff Puff Over New Cigarette Tax. New YorkPost. New York. 3 July 2010 1-2. PrintWould Imposing a High Tax on Fast Foods and other bloodshot Foods Help Combat Obesity Issues in U.S.? Debate.org. Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 22 Nov. 2010. Web. 29 Apr. 2013.

Bricks and mortar retail in Australia Essay Example for Free

Bricks and howitzer retail in Australia EssayE-commerce has emerged as a new force in retail providing consumers with much choice and convenience than ever before. People dejection now shop from retailers across the globe in the comfort of their own stem. It would be thought that arouse possibilities such as this would be readily pick out and create competition for existing retail methods. This has non been the outcome in Australia however. Although e-commerce go alongs to climb in adoption rates bricks and howitzer retail has not been modify to any great extent. This organism said whatsoever domain of a functions of e-commerce atomic number 18 becoming successful new ventures on the net. Throughout this essay we will look at what e-commerce is, how it is being used and who is using it. It will in any case be considered whether e-commerce will ever replace bricks and mortar retailers or will e-commerce disappear? E-commerce is a line that is run on the network r ather than from a bricks and mortar location. E-commerce uses computer networks and telecommunications to conduct its handicraft as it has no face to face contact with its customers.It wad be argued that e-commerce is a more effective mien of doing business. (NOIE, 2000) This is because it does not require all the overheads and staff required in a bricks and mortar business. However E-commerce is more complicated than it may first seem, more is involved than the simple transportation system of funds over the net profit. For an online business to be a success it must be planned, established and run as if it were a bricks and mortar business. E-commerce ends with the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. (Mitchell.J, 2000)Marketing of goods and services, formation of customer relationships, presentation of goods and services for consumers to brows, transfer of funds and after sale customer care must all be established and maintained. E-commerce chamberpot b e conducted in a Business to business (B2B), Business to Government (B2G) or Business to consumer (B2C) way. B2C e-commerce is an area of signifi scum bagt growth. Many Australians are choosing to use the internet to make secures. A study conducted by NOIE revealed that in 2002 54% of Australians had inlet to the internet in their home.Although online consumption is not one of the highest ranking activities conducted by Australians on the internet it is an area that is growing. (NOIE, 2000) One specific area of growth is the use of online banking. (DCITA, 2001) Consumers have sex the convenience of doing their banking from home on the internet rather than locomoteing to the bank and standing in line waiting to be served. The most popular online shop category in Australia however is travel and its related services. Consumers enjoy shop online for the best deal and creating their own holiday packages.Purchasing travel online in like manner cuts out added fees such as the travel agents commission if flight and accommodation are bought directly from the source rather than through a representative. In a study conducted by NOIE it was found that between 2000 and 2003 there was an increase of 452%in online travel purchase. (DCITA, 2001) This is a hugely significant amount. Other high ranking consumption products on the internet include books, computer software, computer hardware, music and videos, clothing and share trading. (DCITA, 2001) There are a number of reasons wherefore mess choose to use e-commerce rather than tralatitiousisticistic bricks and mortar.These reasons are the convenience of the internet, the global scope the internet has to go game and the ease of entrance money. In an increasingly fast passed world convenience is increasingly important. E-commerce provides consumers with the convenience of obtain from home at any time of the day or night, this removes opening hours, travel and queuing as healthy as spending time looking for a sp ecific good or service. Consumers can lumber on to the internet conduct a search for the product they wish to purchase and then purchase online quickly and efficiently. Time poor people are using the internet more and more to purchase goods and services.In the lead up to Christmas 1999 Australians spent $150 million on gifts online. (NOIE, 2000) Most of these purchases were made by people who did not have the time to shop at bricks and mortar retailers during business hours. This change in memory access makes it easier for consumers to distinguish oneself the time to shop it also helps to take the stress out of shopping. E-commerce also provides consumers with access to a global market. Previously consumers had limited channels for obtaining international goods they wish to purchase E-commerce has created ease of access to international goods and services.Never before has it been so easy to purchase from overseas. Due to the global nature of the internet consumers can brows thro ugh what retailers have to offer throughout the world, considerably make purchases and have the goods they choose stick on to them. This has provided consumers with a new scope of choice which is much bigger than anything offered before. Not only does this ease of access globally mean that Australians can purchase goods and services from around the world, it also means that the world can now easily purchase goods from Australia.E-commerce has opened Australia up to potential consumers that did not exist previously strictly due to the inability to access the goods and services available. Due to the internets ease of access e-commerce has opened up a whole new world to people with disabilities, specifically disabilities that inhibit a persons ability to move easily to and from shopping areas. (DCITA, 2002) The internet is easy to use in the home environment and offers an alternative to people who find it difficult to shop at bricks and mortar retail outlets.This also offers empower ment to individuals who previously relied on individual else to do their shopping for them or helped them to shop. These people can now have the independence of doing their own shopping online and the enjoyment of browsing through what different retailers have to offer. Although e-commerce is growing and offers umteen exciting new opportunities to consumers it is unbelievable that it will ever totally replace brick and mortar commerce. There are many aspects of traditional bricks and mortar commerce that cannot be replicated online and as a result of this can never fully replace traditional commerce.Some of these areas include the ability to try products, the social aspect of shopping the entertainment value in shopping, the instant gratification of shopping and the inhibiting effects of the internet. Consumers enjoy browsing through goods and services available to them. (ACS, 2001)This can be done online but not to the same extent as it can be taken to in bricks and mortar reta ilers. On the internet consumers can only look at a effigy of the product they intent to purchase. In bricks and mortar retailers however consumers can make use of their sight, hearing, smell and savvy as well as feel a product before they purchase it.Due to the limitations of the internet in this stage of the purchase finding making stage there is more space for chain mail purchase dissonance to occur. When people can use all their senses to make a purchase decision the decision is generally more definite. As well as using all five senses to advocate in the decision making process consumers also have the chance to try the product they are thinking of buying in the bricks and mortar environment before they actually do. (ACS, 2001) This is generally not possible over the internet.Some software programs provide a demo for consumers to trial before they make a purchase, bulky products however cannot be trailed in such a way. Bricks and mortar retail has also render a social act ivity and a form of entertainment. (ACS, 2001) People meet to go shopping and enjoy the contact they have with people while undertaking this activity. This type of social interaction cannot be recreated in e-commerce. While there are other social activities that can be undertaken on the internet e-commerce does not provide a social aspect.Many bricks and mortar centers of commerce have become entertainment hubs that inveigle tourists from around the world. Bricks and mortar retail also provides an instant gratification to consumers when they make their purchases and can take them with them. This is generally impossible through e-commerce because the goods need to be posted out to the consumer. (ACS, 2001) While e-commerce assisted some people with disabilities to become more independent it has also created new barriers especially for people who are vision impaired.(Noonan, 1999) No technologies have yet been created to allow this group into the online world. This is a problem due t o the fact that it limits these peoples opportunities to benefit from the many aspects the internet and e-commerce has to offer. The elderly is another group that has not been included fully in this e-commerce revolution. More breeding programs need to be designed to bring our older Australians online and teach them what e-commerce has to offer them. Many elderly Australians would find that e-commerce gave them a new independence if they knew how to use it.Throughout this essay we will look at what e-commerce is, how it is being used and who is using it. It will also be considered whether e-commerce will ever replace bricks and mortar retailers or will e-commerce disappear? E-commerce is the online transfer of goods and services to consumers. As stated many Australians have taken to using e-commerce because of the convenience it offers to them, however some people including the elderly and those with disabilities are being left out to some extent. Although e-commerce continues to d evelop it is highly unlikely that it will ever totally replace bricks and mortar commerce.The experiences that the two offer are so different that they are both used for different reasons. E-commerce is used for convenience where traditional retaile is often used as a social activity and a form of entertainment. E-commerce has not been adopted in Australia as readily as it has been in some other countries, it will however continue to provide consumers with the convenience of home shopping. Many Australians now would not want to go back to traditional commerce and be force to go into a bank to do their banking rather than simply log on at home.The e-commerce revolution will continue to grow but brick and mortar will also remain.ReferancesNoonan, T. (1999) Accessible e-commerce in Australia. Retrieved November 23, 2004, from http//www. bca. org. au/ecrep. htm Mitchell. J, (2000) The implementation of E-competent Australia 2000 for VET. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http//www. flex iblelearning. net. au/nw2000/talkback/p71. htm The Australian Government Treasury. (2003)The internet and B2C E-commerce. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http//www. ecommerce. treasury. gov. au/bpmreview/ issue/DiscussionPaper/03_Chapter2. asp